中國社會房屋政策研討會

中國社會房屋政策研討會

Major issues / 提出關切問題

The 5 major issues identified by the workshop / 小組提煉出的五個主要問題
1	Differences between commercial housing market and social affordable housing,the role and significance of the government, an appropriate proportion of social affordable housing?Tenure and property rights?	商品住房市場和社會保障性住房的差異，政府的角色、作用，社會保障性住房的合適比例？居住權和財產權？
2	How to solve the housing for the youth?	年輕人住房如何解決
3	How to solve the housing for the elderly?	老年人住房如何解決
4	How to save energy for social affordable housing?	保障性住房如何節能
5	What is the role and significance of government, non-governmental organizations, enterprises and citizens in the social security housing?	政府、非政府組織、企業、公民在保障性住房中各自的角色和作用?

Experiences / 分享經驗教訓

Experiences / 分享經驗教訓
1	China housing market: commercial housing and affordable housing. The former is mainlly adjusted through market, while the latter is provided by government. China can only provide a small amount of affordable housing which is specially for the low-income populations. UK’s main solution to the housing issue is through market adjustment, but currently it comes to a new change: to get a development permit, there is a certain percentage of mandatory proportion of affordable housing for each block development. Implementation of the “low rent housing system has been enforced since 1950s in France. For a town with over 50,000 population, the low-rent housing remains not less than 20% of the total housing.	中國將住房市場分為商品住房和保障性住房，前者以市場調節為主，後者以政府提供為主。中國的保障性住房針對低收入人群，當前僅能提供少量的保障性住房。英國住房問題的解決以市場調節為主，但當前有一個新的轉變：每塊地塊開發時強制一定比例的保障性住房比例才能拿到開發許可證。在法國，上世紀50年代開始實行“低租金住房制度”，每個超過5萬人口的市鎮的低租金住房不少於20%。
2	In China, a considerable number of youths (under the age of 30) are funded by their parents to buy houses,which might lead in many contradictions. In Europe, more and more youths are facing the difficulties of housing and choose to live with their parents, leaving homeaferwords. In UK, youths(under 30-35 yeards old) will nku erldly take care of the European candidnas	在中國，有相當一部分年輕人（30歲以下）的買了房子，他們主要靠父母資助買房費用，這可能會產生許多矛盾。在歐洲也越來越多的年輕人面臨住房困難問題，越來越多的年輕人選擇和父母住在一起，越來越晚離開父母家。在英國，年輕人如大學畢業生支付租金有困難時可向政府申請住房補貼，政府的補貼可解決部分租金。在西班牙，有來自國家和地方的資助。在歐洲某些國家，住房困難年輕人的補助是有年齡限制的，例如30歲或35歲。根據租金額度定補助額。
3	In Europe, housing policy for the elderly is more important than for the young due to aging. In France, more elderly people join in the Reverse Mortgage Scheme, making development assistance programs, according to their income level. UK has similar housing mortgage in which banks return portion of the money for those who are unable to maintain housing maintenance and live on his own. Social housing organizations consider issues like travel, security, medical and service for the elderly, as well as the corporate cooperation between social housing organizations and the service they themselves provide. .	在歐洲，由於老齡化，針對老年人的住房政策比年輕人更重要。在法國，越來越多老人加入住房反向抵押計畫，據收入水準制定援助計畫。英國有類似的房屋抵押，針對無力維持房屋維修和生活的老人，銀行返回部分款項。社會住房組織考慮老年人的出行、安全、醫療和服務等問題，包括社會住房組織與提供服務的企業合作和社會住房組織自己提供服務。
4	China: still needs improvement in energy saving housing. Spain’s law on “self-supply" involves energy-saving housing. The British housing associations can obtain subsidies from the government for the new energy-saving housing. However, the energy problem of existing housing stock is more difficult because of the great cost. France make use of natural resources for energy independence through photovoltaic solar panels located on the roof, in which case, energy production is more than energy consumption and the excess electricity can be sold to companies.	我國在住房節能方面還做得很不夠。西班牙的“自主供應”法令有涉及住房節能問題。英國住房協會新建節能住房可從政府處獲得補貼。但現有存量住房節能問題也比較困難，因為成本很大。在法國，在屋頂設光伏太陽能發電板，利用自然資源自主供能，做到產生能量比耗能多，多餘電力可以賣給公司。

Recommended actions / 建議行動方案

Priority actions / 優先行動方案
1	Considering the large population, undeveloped economy, the solution of housing issue should be mainly through market adjustment, to provide gradually the affordable housing for part of low-income populations and then for more people step by step. It’s also the same that social housing should also be covered gradually, first to solve the low-income, then the middle income. As for the proportion of affordable housing in the total amount of social housing, it should depend on the target group, i.e,. how many people are in need of it.	中國人口多，經濟還不發達，住房問題的解決應以市場調節為主，逐步提供保障性住房，且當前只能解決部分低收入群體的住房問題，之後再逐步解決更多人群的住房問題。在歐洲，社會住房也應是逐步覆蓋的，先解決低收入的，然後是中等收入的。至於保障性住房在住房總量中所占的比例沒有定論，應根據目標群體，即有多少人需要保障來決定。
2	To take young people who have housing problems (including non-residents of the city like migrant workers ) into the target areas of housing security. Provide them with It provides low-cost housing and other affordable housing.	將住房困難的年輕人（包括非本地居民的城市打工者）納入住房保障的物件範疇，對其提供廉租房、經濟適用房等保障性住房。
Others actions / 其他行動方案
1	Cooperation between the Government and developers to build affordable housing	政府與開發商合作共建保障性住房。
2	China should guide the youths to change their concept of the necesity of buying a house. Actually, they can rent a house or buy second-hand housing other than a new one.	在中國，應引導年輕人改變觀念，不一定要買房，可以租房，而且買房不一定要買新房，可以買二手房。
Concrete action plan of the workshop / 在小組框架中可具體操作的方案
1	the solution of housing issue should mainly be through market adjustment, to provide the affordable housing for low-income populations first (especially that China can only provide the affordable housing for part of low-income group) and then for more people step by step.Introduced policies to encourage developers to participate in construction of affordable housing	以市場調節為主，逐步提供保障性住房，優先解決低收入群體的住房問題（尤其是中國目前只能保障部分低收入群體），之後再逐步解決更多住房困難群體的住房問題，出臺政策鼓勵開發商參與保障性住房建設。
2	Increase construction of affordable housing.Make standard and take the young people having housing problems(including non-residents of the city like migrant workers) into the target areas of housing security, provide low-cost housing and other affordable housing for them.	加大保障性住房建設，制定標準，將符合標準的住房困難年輕人（包括非本地居民的城市打工者）納入住房保障的物件範疇，對其提供廉租房、經濟適用房等保障性住房。

Four common challenges / 四個共同挑戰

Harmonious society, sustainable development / 和諧社會，可持續發展
1	It’s a common problem that affordable housing construction is lagging behind, and many residents have hosing problems. Besides, the inequality and wealth gap intensify social contradictions which is not conducive to social harmony and sustainable development. Governments need to balance efficiency and fairness.		當前保障性政府建設是許多國家共同的難題，保障性住房建設滯後，不少居民住房困難。此外還有不公平、貧富懸殊，激化了社會矛盾，不利於社會和諧和可持續發展。政府需要兼顧效率與公平，加快保障性政府建設。
Values, opening-up, modernity and identity / 價值，開放性，現代性，身份
1		Special status groups bring enormous increase in the housing challenge. 80 After become one of China’s major groups, yet a considerable part of these young men are having housing difficulties. With the arrival of an aging society, Europe is also facing housing probems for the elderly, which is also the problem China is going to cope with. There is an increasing number of migrant workers in China, most of which are low-income groups. They are excluded from the urban social security group. It’s extremely important as for how to solve the housing problems of these groups, while Europe is also facing the housing problem of the transnational migrants.	特殊身份群體的增多對住房保障帶來巨大的挑戰。80後正成為中國的主要群體之一，而這些80後年輕人有相當一部分住房困難；而歐洲隨著老齡化社會的到來，也面臨著老年人住房問題，並且，隨著中國老年人的增多，這將來也會是中國要面臨的問題。開放社會，中國越來越多進城務工人員，俗稱農民工，他們大部分是低收入群體，但被擋在城市住房保障群體之外，如何解決這部分人的住房將極其重要；而歐洲也面臨跨國移民的住房問題。
Integrated and participative governance / 參與式及綜合治理
The place of China and Europe in the world / 世界中的中國與歐洲